For maximum effectiveness, collision deterrent techniques and materials must strictly adhere to specifications that reflect current science and improved testing methods. Older resources may cite outdated criteria based on previous incorrect assumptions. Any deviation from current accepted standards may result in unacceptable risk to birds, requiring further measures (and costs) to mitigate collisions.
UV-products, including stickers, films and UV-glass are currently NOT recommended.
Websites
Publications
- 50 Bird-friendly Glass Patterns (American Bird Conservancy, 2023); uncompressed version, 97,9 MB
- Bird-Friendly Building with Glass and Light (Swiss Ornithological Institute, 2023)
- Bird-Friendly Best Practices: Glass (Toronto 2016)
- Birds Collisions with Glass Surfaces: Tested Patterns (Wiener Umweltanwaltschaft, 2022)
- New York City Bird Friendly Building Design & Construction Requirements Guidance Document (2020)
- Reducing Bird Collisions with Buildings (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 2016)
Standards and guidelines
- CSA National Bird-Friendly Building Design Standard A460 (2019)
Public access requires set-up of a free account - Toronto Green Standard Version 3.0 (2019)
- National Capital Commission Bird-Safe Design Guidelines (2021)
- Ottawa Bird-safe Design Guidelines (2022)
- U.S. House bill H.R.919 – Bird-Safe Buildings Act (2019)
Light pollution
- Best Practices for Effective Lighting (Toronto 2017)
- Guidelines for Outdoor Lighting for Low-Impact Lighting (Royal Astronomical Society of Canada 2016)
Other
- Critical examination of ABC’s campaign to avoid bird collisions (Swiss Ornithological Institute 2016)
- Walker Glass White Paper: The Building Industry and Bird Conservation (Dr. Daniel Klem 2019)
- US Green Building Council LEED v4.1 Credit – Bird Collision Deterrence